The Brihadeeswara Temple, also known as the "Big Temple", is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the finest examples of Dravidian architecture. Built in the 11th century by Chola King Raja Raja I, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The sheer size of the temple and its intricate carvings will amaze you. Make sure you don't miss the massive Nandi statue and the inner sanctum where the Shiva Linga is worshipped.
Thiruvaiyaru, located on the banks of river Kaveri, is a small town known for its association with the Saint Thyagaraja, one of the Trinity of Carnatic music. Visit the Saint's samadhi at the Thyagaraja Swamy Temple, listen to Carnatic music at the Annai Sathya Stadium and take a boat ride in the Kaveri river.
The Sangeetha Mahal, also known as the Saraswathi Mahal Library, is a treasure trove of ancient manuscripts, palm leaf manuscripts, and rare books. It is the second-largest library in the country and boasts of a collection of over 60,000 manuscripts, many of which are in languages like Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, and Sanskrit. The library also has a collection of paintings, artifacts, and musical instruments.
The Tamil University in Thanjavur is dedicated to the study of Tamil language and works to promote its literature, history, and culture. It has departments for Tamil Literature, Tamil Grammar, Music, Drama, Manuscripts, and Epigraphy. The campus is spread over 900 acres and has a museum showcasing ancient Tamil artifacts. You can also witness cultural performances and learn about Tamil art forms like Bharatanatyam and Karakattam at the University.
If you have more time, visit the nearby Gangaikonda Cholapuram to see another UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Brihadisvara Temple. You can also explore the Royal Palace and the Art Gallery in Tanjore. For those with less time, you can skip Thiruvaiyaru and visit the Rajarajan Manimandapam, a museum dedicated to the history of the Chola dynasty.