Direct answer
Leh (Ladakh) is a high‑altitude desert destination requiring altitude acclimatization, permits for many areas, careful seasonal planning, and respect for local Buddhist culture. With preparation you can enjoy spectacular landscapes, monasteries, and friendly communities.
Visa / Entry requirements
- Foreign nationals: India visa required. Obtain an Indian tourist visa before arrival (e‑visa available for many nationalities). Keep passport and visa handy.
- Inner Line Permits (ILP) / Protected Area Permits (PAP): Domestic and most foreign tourists need permits to visit Leh and surrounding areas. Tourists arriving by plane to Leh generally get an ILP/PAP at the airport (carry passport, visa, 4 passport‑size photos may be required). If arriving by road you may need to obtain permits in Leh or at checkpoints. Popular restricted zones like Nubra, Pangong, Tso Moriri require additional permits—check latest rules.
- COVID/health rules: Check current Indian entry health requirements; they can change. Carry travel insurance covering medical evacuation.
Best time to visit
- Peak season: June to September — roads open, weather mild (daytime 15–25°C), best for sightseeing, trekking, and rides.
- Shoulder seasons: May and October — fewer crowds, but some roads/passes may open/close; nights cold.
- Winter (Nov–Apr): Most roads closed, extreme cold, only a few hardy travelers or those flying in; many guesthouses close.
Safety tips (altitude and environment)
- Altitude sickness: Leh sits at ~3,500 m (11,500 ft). Arrive by flight, rest 48 hours, avoid heavy exertion, hydrate, eat light. Know symptoms (headache, nausea, dizziness); carry acetazolamide (Diamox) if prescribed. Seek medical help or descend if severe.
- Hydration & sun: High UV—use strong sunscreen, lip balm, sunglasses, and a wide‑brim hat. Drink plenty of water.
- Cold and weather: Nights are cold year‑round. Pack layers, warm jacket, thermal base layers, and a good sleeping bag in winter.
- Road safety: Mountain roads can be narrow and rough. Use experienced drivers/transport operators; allow extra travel time.
Local customs & etiquette
- Religion: Ladakh is predominantly Tibetan Buddhist. Be respectful at gompas (monasteries) — remove shoes where required, walk clockwise around stupas/mani walls, avoid pointing feet at religious objects or people, ask before taking photos of monks or inside temples.
- Dress modestly: Cover shoulders and knees when visiting religious sites and villages.
- Interactions: Greetings are warm; ask before entering private homes or photographing people.
Currency & money
- Currency: Indian Rupee (INR). Cash is king in many parts of Ladakh—ATMs are limited and often out of cash, especially in smaller towns and villages.
- Cards & payments: Major hotels/shops in Leh town accept cards, but always carry sufficient cash. Exchange cash in Leh or larger Indian cities beforehand.
Transportation
- By air: Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (IXL) in Leh — most convenient. Flights can be delayed/cancelled due to weather.
- By road: Manali–Leh and Srinagar–Leh highways are iconic but seasonal (usually June–September). Travel involves high passes (Rohtang, Baralacha, Tanglang La, Zoji La), long days, and acclimatization considerations.
- Local transport: Taxis, shared cabs, motorbikes, and e‑bikes widely used. Renting motorcycles is popular—only attempt if experienced in high‑altitude, rough terrain.
Must‑know practical tips & local insights
- Acclimatize: Take at least one full day to rest after arrival; avoid alcohol and heavy meals initially.
- Book in advance during peak season: Accommodation, permits (if required), and guided trips fill up quickly in July–August.
- Fuel & supplies: Fuel and vehicle services are limited outside Leh—refuel when you can. Carry basic spare parts, warm clothing, snacks, and a small first‑aid kit.
- Connectivity: Mobile networks exist (Jio, BSNL, Airtel), but coverage is patchy in remote valleys. Internet may be slow.
- Responsible travel: Avoid littering, use refillable bottles, and respect fragile high‑altitude ecology and cultural sites.
- Health facilities: Leh has basic hospitals; serious cases may require evacuation to Srinagar or Delhi. Travel insurance with evacuation cover is highly recommended.
- Local food & water: Try local dishes (thukpa, momos). Prefer bottled/filtered water; many places provide water purifiers—carry purification tablets as backup.
Quick packing checklist
- Warm layered clothing, windproof/waterproof jacket
- Sunglasses, high SPF sunscreen, lip balm
- Sturdy walking shoes/boots
- Basic meds, altitude medication if prescribed, first‑aid kit
- Cash in INR, ID/passport, copies of permits
- Power bank, camera, water bottle
Final note
Plan for slow, flexible travel. Respect the altitude and local culture, and you’ll be rewarded with extraordinary landscapes, friendly communities, and unforgettable experiences in Leh.