Direct answer
Transylvania (central Romania) is safe and visitor-friendly with rich medieval towns, castles, Carpathian landscapes, and Romanian-Hungarian-Saxon cultural heritage. Know visa rules, seasonality, transport limits, local customs, and basic Romanian phrases to get the most from your trip.
Visa & entry requirements
- EU/Schengen citizens: no visa required; carry national ID or passport.
- Many nationalities (US, Canada, Australia, UK, NZ, Japan, S. Korea, Brazil, etc.): visa-free for short stays (typically 90 days in any 180-day period). Check Romanian consulate site for current lists and specifics.
- If you need a visa: apply at a Romanian embassy/consulate; allow processing time and provide required documents (passport, photos, itinerary, proof of accommodation, travel insurance, funds).
- Passport validity: recommended at least 6 months beyond planned departure; check your country’s rules.
Best time to visit
- Late spring (May–June) and early autumn (September–October): mild weather, fewer crowds, open attractions.
- Summer (July–August): warm, busiest, festival season (Sibiu, Cluj, medieval fairs); book accommodation early.
- Winter (November–March): cold, snow in the mountains; ideal for winter sports and snowy landscapes but some mountain roads/attractions may be limited.
Safety tips
- Overall safe: violent crime against tourists is rare. Use normal urban precautions (watch belongings, avoid poorly lit isolated areas at night).
- Scams: taxi overcharging—use reputable apps (Bolt, Uber only available in some cities) or insist on meter; agree price for rural rides. Beware of inflated prices near major tourist sites.
- Mountains: check weather, bring good footwear, inform someone of routes; hire a local guide for remote hikes.
- Health: bring any prescription meds and basic first-aid; travel insurance recommended.
Local customs & etiquette
- Polite greetings: handshake is common; address older people with formal titles. A few Romanian words are appreciated: “bună” (hello), “mulțumesc” (thank you), “vă rog” (please/you’re welcome).
- Tipping: 10%–15% in restaurants if service isn’t included; small tips for guides, drivers, porters.
- Respect religious sites: dress modestly in churches/monasteries (cover shoulders/knees), be quiet and ask before photographing interior services.
- Cultural sensitivity: Transylvania is multiethnic (Romanians, Hungarians, Roma, Saxons). Be respectful about language and history; if in Hungarian areas (e.g., Harghita), a few Hungarian words are appreciated.
Currency & money
- Currency: Romanian leu (RON). Cards widely accepted in cities and tourist sites; keep cash for rural markets, small shops, guesthouses, and some taxis.
- ATMs: abundant in towns; notify your bank of travel to avoid blocks. Small towns may have limited ATM availability.
Transportation
- By air: main gateways are Cluj-Napoca (Cluj), Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, and Brașov (via Bucharest or seasonal flights). Bucharest is ~3–4 hours by train/bus to southern Transylvania.
- Trains: decent network linking major cities (Cluj, Brașov, Sibiu, Sighișoara); scenic but sometimes slow and subject to delays. Buy tickets at stations or online (CFR Călători website/app).
- Buses/minibuses: extensive and often faster to reach small towns and villages. Companies include regional operators; book longer routes in advance in high season.
- Car rental: highly recommended for exploring rural Transylvania, castles, and mountain roads. Roads are generally good but expect narrow, winding mountain roads and occasional potholes—drive carefully. GPS/offline maps helpful; parking in medieval centers may be restricted.
- Local transport: taxis, ride-hailing apps (Bolt common), buses, trams in larger cities.
Must-know tips & local insights
- Key sights: Bran Castle (touristy, linked to Dracula legend), Peleș Castle (near Sinaia), Sighișoara (well-preserved citadel and birthplace of Vlad Țepeș), Brașov (Council Square, Black Church), Sibiu (historic center), Turda Salt Mine, Apuseni and Retezat Mountains for hiking, fortified churches in Biertan, Viscri and villages on the Transylvanian Saxon route.
- Dracula myth: Dracula tourism is mostly literary/marketing—Vlad the Impaler’s connections are historical, but expectations should be managed (Bran Castle’s link is tenuous).
- Festivals: check dates for Sibiu International Theatre Festival, medieval fairs, and local harvest or Christmas markets.
- Food & drink: try local dishes—mămăligă, sarmale (cabbage rolls), mici (grilled sausages), ciorbă (sour soup), plum țuică (traditional spirit). Portions are generous.
- Language: Romanian is official. English widely spoken in tourist areas and by younger people; learn basic Romanian phrases for rural interactions.
- Accommodation: historic guesthouses, pensions, rural villas, and boutique hotels offer authentic stays—book ahead in peak season.
Practical checklist
- Passport, visa (if required), travel insurance
- Local currency (some cash) and payment card with contactless/EMV
- Comfortable walking shoes, layered clothing, rain gear
- Offline maps and local SIM or eSIM for navigation
- Copies of important documents and emergency contacts
Enjoyment tip: combine cultural towns with a few nature days—drive scenic routes, visit a fortified church, and stay in a village guesthouse to experience Transylvania’s unique blend of history and landscapes.