What should I know before visiting Cusco?

Direct answer

Cusco is a high-altitude city and the gateway to Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley. Prepare for altitude, variable weather, and local customs to enjoy it safely and comfortably.

Visa / Entry requirements

• Peru visa policy: many nationalities enter visa-free for tourism (commonly 30–183 days). Check the Peruvian consulate/immigration site for your country before travel.
• Passport: valid for at least 6 months from entry is recommended.
• Return/onward ticket: immigration may ask for proof.
• COVID-19: verify current testing/vaccine rules as they can change.

Best time to visit

• Dry season (May–September): most reliable weather, sunny days and cold nights — peak tourist season.
• Shoulder months (April, October): fewer crowds, decent weather.
• Rainy season (November–March): frequent afternoon rains, muddy trekking conditions; trains and services run but be prepared for delays.

Safety tips

• Altitude sickness: Cusco is ~3,400 m (11,150 ft). Symptoms: headache, nausea, fatigue. Prevent with:
  • 24–48 hour acclimatization in Cusco before trekking or heavy exertion.
  • Hydrate, avoid alcohol and heavy meals first 24–48 hours, eat light carbohydrate-rich food.
  • Coca tea (mate de coca) is widely available and commonly used.
  • Consider acetazolamide (Diamox) if you have a history of severe AMS—consult your doctor.
• Personal safety: standard precautions—avoid poorly lit streets at night, keep valuables secure, use hotel safes.
• Scams/pickpocketing: beware of crowded markets and buses; carry a money belt or anti-theft bag.

Local customs & etiquette

• Greetings: handshake or light hug; a simple “Buenos días” or “Buenas tardes” is polite.
• Respect for indigenous culture: ask before photographing people, especially in rural communities; tipping is appreciated for services and guides.
• Dress modestly for church visits; remove hats in churches.
• Bargaining: common in markets—start ~30–50% lower than asked price but be respectful.

Currency & money

• Currency: Peruvian Sol (PEN).
• ATMs: widely available in Cusco city center; carry some cash for small vendors and rural areas.
• Credit cards: accepted at hotels, larger restaurants and tour operators, but many small businesses are cash-only.
• Exchange: exchange some currency at banks or reputable casas de cambio; avoid street exchangers.

Transportation

• Getting there: flights to Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) from Lima and other Peruvian cities.
• Trains to Machu Picchu: book well in advance (PeruRail or IncaRail).
• Buses/colectivos: cheap local options for short distances and the Sacred Valley; negotiate fares where appropriate.
• Taxis: use registered taxis, radio taxis, or app-based services when available; agree price before starting if meterless.
• Walking: historic center is compact but steep; comfortable shoes recommended.

Must-know tips & practical advice

• Acclimatize: take it easy first 48 hours; plan light activities like city tours and short walks.
• Museum and site tickets: buy Boleto Turístico for access to many archaeological sites and museums (get the correct version for sites you plan to visit).
• Machu Picchu permits/tickets: book entrance and train tickets months ahead, especially in high season.
• Cash for Sacred Valley villages: many small vendors and markets use cash only.
• Food & water: avoid tap water—drink bottled or filtered water. Try local dishes like cuy (guinea pig), lomo saltado, rocoto relleno, and quinoa-based foods.
• Layers: weather can change quickly—pack warm layers, a waterproof jacket, sunhat, and sunscreen.
• Altitude-friendly itinerary example: Day 1—arrive and rest; Day 2—easy city tour and San Pedro Market; Day 3—Sacred Valley or short hikes; Day 4—train to Aguas Calientes and visit Machu Picchu.
• Respect ruins: do not climb or touch prohibited areas; follow guide instructions at archaeological sites.

Local insights

• Early mornings in the Plaza de Armas are quieter and beautiful for photos.
• Nightlife: lively around the plaza with restaurants and bars, but expect noisy evenings in peak season.
• Markets: San Pedro Market is great for local food, snacks and crafts—good acclimatization stroll.
• Alternative hikes: consider Salkantay, Lares or Ausangate treks for less-crowded options (longer and higher than Inca Trail).

Have a safe trip—plan for altitude, book key tickets in advance, carry cash, and respect local culture for the best experience in Cusco.