Zermatt, situated at an elevation of 1,608 meters (5,275 feet) in the Swiss canton of Valais, is defined by a distinct high-altitude alpine climate. Enclosed by massive 4,000-meter peaks, including the iconic Matterhorn, the region experiences weather shaped by extreme vertical relief and protective surrounding ridges.
Typical Weather Patterns and Climate Behavior
Zermatt is notably drier than other parts of Switzerland. The surrounding high mountain ranges act as a barrier to moisture-laden air masses, particularly those coming from the west and north. While clouds can linger against the peaks, the village often remains sheltered in a "rain shadow."
Throughout the day, the climate is dictated by solar radiation and air movement. Deep in the valley, sunlight hits the floor later in the morning and transitions to shadow earlier in the evening than on the surrounding slopes. This results in rapid temperature swings as soon as the sun dips behind the mountain walls. Even on a warm day, the lack of solar heating in the late afternoon causes the air to become "crisp" almost instantly.
Seasonal Trends
- Winter (December – February): This is a true alpine winter. Temperatures in the village frequently hover between -10°C (14°F) and 5°C (41°F). Snowfall is consistent, though the village sees less total accumulation than the ski slopes above. High-pressure systems can bring "bluebird days" with intense sun and piercingly cold, still air.
- Spring (March – May): A season of transition. March often behaves like winter, providing excellent skiing. By May, the valley floors begin to green, but snow often remains on the higher trails. This is a volatile season where you can experience a snowstorm and a sunny 15°C (59°F) afternoon within 24 hours.
- Summer (June – August): Summers are mild and refreshing. Temperatures in the village typically range from 10°C (50°F) to 25°C (77°F). While days are pleasant, afternoon thunderstorms are common as heat builds up in the valley and rises against the cold mountain air. The sun at this altitude is significantly more intense than at sea level.
- Autumn (September – November): Many locals consider September the most stable month. The air becomes exceptionally clear, offering the best visibility for the Matterhorn. By late October, the "early winter" begins, with the first snow dusting the village roofs and temperatures dropping sharply at night.
Microclimates and Variations
There is a massive climatic gap between the village and the high-altitude summits. For every 100 meters of elevation gain, the temperature typically drops by 0.7°C to 1.0°C.
- The Village (1,608m): Sheltered and relatively mild.
- Gornergrat (3,135m): Often 10°C to 15°C colder than the village, with much higher wind speeds. It can be sunny in the village while the Gornergrat is shrouded in a localized cloud cap.
- Matterhorn Glacier Paradise (3,883m): An arctic microclimate where frost occurs year-round, and the air is significantly thinner and drier.
Weather Phenomena: The Föhn Wind
The south-side location of Zermatt makes it susceptible to the "Föhn," a warm, dry wind that descends the leeward side of the mountains. A North Föhn can bring clear skies but turbulent air, while a South Föhn can cause rapid snowmelt and a sudden, unseasonal rise in temperature. This phenomenon is often accompanied by a dramatic change in air pressure, which some locals claim causes