Gdańsk Weather & Climate: A Year-Round Guide

Gdańsk’s climate is a masterclass in atmospheric transition. Positioned at the edge of the Baltic Sea, the city exists in a delicate balance between the humid oceanic masses of the West and the dry continental influences of the East. This struggle results in a climate that is damp, variable, and milder than the Polish interior, but subject to rapid shifts that can transform a sunny afternoon into a misty, maritime evening in minutes.

The Daily Cycle and Maritime Influence

In Gdańsk, the day often begins with a soft humidity unique to the Pomeranian region. Because of its coastal location, the city experiences a “sea breeze” effect that modulates daily temperatures. In summer, this breeze provides a refreshing cooling effect that keeps highs around 21°C–23°C (70°F–73°F), preventing the oppressive heat found further inland. Conversely, in winter, the relatively warmer waters of the Baltic act as a thermal buffer, often keeping the city a few degrees warmer than the frozen plains of central Poland.

Seasonal Trends

• Spring (March – May): This is the season of awakening, but it is notoriously capricious. March often feels like a lingering winter with gusty winds and a mix of sleet and rain. As May approaches, the city sees a dramatic increase in sunshine. This is arguably the most visual season, as the low-lying coastal light reflects brilliantly off the Motława River.
• Summer (June – August): Summers are comfortably warm rather than hot. While temperatures typically hover in the low 20s (Celsius), occasional heatwaves can push them toward 30°C (86°F). This is the wettest season by volume; heavy, convective thunderstorms are common in July, often clearing as quickly as they arrive to leave sparkling, clear air.
• Autumn (September – November): Locals often refer to "Golden Polish Autumn," which characterizes September’s mild, sunny days. However, by November, the maritime influence takes a darker turn. The city becomes prone to "sea mists" and heavy fog, with humidity levels often exceeding 85%. The atmosphere becomes moody and introspective as the days shorten.
• Winter (December – February): Winters are long and predominantly grey. While the sea prevents the most extreme Siberian freezes from settling permanently, temperatures regularly dip below freezing. Snowfall is frequent but often light, creating a decorative dust rather than deep drifts. The true challenge is the wind; northerly gusts off the Baltic can make a -2°C day feel like -10°C.

Microclimates and Regional Variations

The "Trójmiasto" (Tri-City) area possesses distinct microclimates. The seaside districts like Brzeźno and Jelitkowo are consistently windier and more humid. In contrast, the inland Oliwa district, nestled against the wooded Tri-City Landscape Park hills, can be slightly warmer in summer and more sheltered from the biting Baltic winds in winter. The proximity to the Vistula River delta also creates pockets of high humidity in the eastern lowlands, sometimes leading to localized frost or ground fog.

Historical Context and Phenomena

Gdańsk has a history of battling the Baltic. Historical records show the city has survived extreme "backwater" events—storm surges where northerly gales force seawater into the Vistula river mouth, raising water levels dangerously high. In recent decades, climate shifts have led to shorter, less stable winters with fewer days of permanent snow cover but an increase in the frequency of intense summer rainfall events.

Local Life and the Baltic "Feel"

Locals experience the weather as a dynamic partner. Life doesn’t stop for the cold; even at -15°C, you will find residents gathered around fire heaters at outdoor cafes in the Long Market (Długi Targ). There is a cultural appreciation for the sztorm (storm) season in late autumn and winter, when the rough Baltic Sea throws up amber along the beaches.

Beyond the thermometer, the weather in Gdańsk "feels" heavy and salt-tinged. Even on a warm day, there is a thickness to the air that reminds you of the sea's proximity. In winter, the dampness is "searching," a term locals use to describe how the cold seems to penetrate through even the heaviest layers due to the high humidity.