Mallorca enjoys a classic subtropical Mediterranean climate, defined by more than 300 days of sunshine a year. While the island is small, its topography—dominated by the Serra de Tramuntana mountains—creates distinct weather variations that influence how the atmosphere feels from one coast to the other.
The Daily Rhythm and "Embat"
On the coast, the day typically follows a predictable thermal cycle. In the summer, as the land heats up faster than the sea, a local thermal breeze known as the Embat develops by midday. This cooling wind is a staple for locals; it keeps coastal temperatures manageable (often around 30°C/86°F) while interior regions like Sineu or Binissalem can soar to 35°C (95°F) or higher. At night, the cycle reverses into a gentle land breeze, though high humidity near the shore can lead to "tropical nights" where temperatures remain above 20°C (68°F).
Seasonal Trends
- Spring (March to May): This is the season of renewal. In late January and February, the island’s millions of almond trees begin to bloom, a phenomenon locals celebrate as the "Mallorcan Snow." While the air is pleasantly warm (15–22°C / 59–72°F), the sea remains a brisk 14–17°C (57–63°F).
- Summer (June to August): Characterized by intense sun and virtually no rain. July is the driest month, often seeing less than one day of rainfall. The heat is dry in the interior but can feel significantly heavier on the coast due to humidity. This is the peak for water activities, with sea temperatures reaching a bath-like 26°C (79°F).
- Autumn (September to November): Known as the "Velvet Season." September maintains summer warmth with fewer crowds, but October is statistically the wettest month. Rainfall here often comes in the form of short, intense Mediterranean storms rather than prolonged gray days.
- Winter (December to February): Winters are short and mild. Daytime highs rarely drop below 10°C (50°F) in the lowlands. While it almost never snows at sea level, the high peaks of the Tramuntana, like Puig Major, frequently see a dusting of snow that provides a striking contrast against the blue Mediterranean.
Microclimates and Local Phenomena
Mallorca is not a monolith when it comes to weather. The Serra de Tramuntana mountain range in the northwest acts as a shield, trapping clouds and moisture. Consequently, the northwest (towns like Sóller and Valldemossa) is greener and significantly more humid than the arid southwest (Magaluf, Santa Ponsa).
- The Tramuntana Wind: A fierce, cold wind from the north/northwest that can last for days, particularly in winter. It clears the air, leaving a deep blue sky but making the sea rough and the air feel much colder than the thermometer suggests.
- Calima: Occasionally, southerly winds bring Saharan dust to the island. This causes a hazy, yellowish sky and a noticeable rise in temperature, making the air feel thick and gritty.
Historical Context and Local Adaptation
Historically, Mallorcan architecture—thick stone walls and narrow streets—was designed to combat the summer heat without modern cooling. Locals still practice the siesta during the peak heat of July and August, avoiding the noon sun when the UV index is at its highest. In winter, the island experiences "Las Calmas de Enero" (the calms of January)—brief periods of unusually still, clear, and warm weather in the middle of winter that feel like an early spring.