Livingston, situated in the Izabal Department of Guatemala, is a unique coastal enclave where the climate is defined by its Caribbean location. Unlike the temperate highlands or the dry Pacific coast, Livingston experiences a tropical rainforest climate (Af), characterized by high humidity, consistent warmth, and significant rainfall throughout the year.
Typical Weather Patterns
Weather in Livingston is dominated by the interaction between the Caribbean Sea and the dense jungles of the Rio Dulce. Temperatures rarely fluctuate wildly, typically staying between 68°F (20°C) and 90°F (32°C). Humidity is the defining factor; it remains high (often above 80%) year-round, making the air feel thick and heavy. This "oppressive" feel—as locals and regular visitors describe it—is most intense during the middle of the day.
Seasonal Trends
While Livingston is warm all year, it follows a distinct cycle of wet and dry periods:
- The Dry Season (February to May): This is the sunniest time of year. Rainfall is at its lowest in April, which is typically the driest month. Temperatures climb during this period, with May being the hottest month, reaching averages of 91°F (33°C). The skies are frequently clear, offering the best conditions for boat travel through the Rio Dulce gorge.
- The Rainy Season (June to October): Rainfall increases dramatically starting in June. This period sees intense, short-lived tropical downpours, often in the late afternoon or evening. June and September are among the wettest months, with monthly precipitation often exceeding 13 inches (340mm).
- The "Norte" Season (November to January): This transitional period brings slightly cooler air. "Nortes" are cold fronts from the north that can bring several days of overcast skies, wind, and steady rain. January is the coolest month, with pleasant daytime highs around 81°F (27°C).
Daily Climate Behavior
A typical day in Livingston starts with clear skies and a humid morning stillness. As the sun rises, the temperature climbs rapidly. By mid-afternoon, convective clouds often build up over the mainland, frequently resulting in a cooling rain shower. These showers are vital for the lush, vibrant green landscape but can be accompanied by impressive displays of lightning. Evenings remain warm, with the coastal breeze providing some relief from the interior heat.
Local Experience and Phenomena
- The Garifuna Influence: Locals, particularly the Afro-Caribbean Garifuna community, have adapted to the heat with a relaxed pace of life. Festivals like National Garifuna Day (November 26) often coincide with the transition into the cooler months, though participants must still contend with the tropical humidity.
- Tropical Waves: During the peak of the rainy season, the area can be affected by tropical waves moving across the Caribbean, which can cause extended periods of heavy rain and wind.
- Microclimates: Because Livingston is only accessible by boat, the weather can feel different on the water versus in town. On the open sea, the trade winds provide a refreshing "wind chill" that is absent once you step into the sheltered, humid streets of the town center.
Historical Context
Historically, the climate of the Izabal region has been the engine of its lush ecosystem, allowing for the growth of massive mahogany and cedar trees. The high rainfall is what feeds the Siete Altares (Seven Altars) waterfalls, which are a series of freshwater pools. During the heart of the dry season, these pools can sometimes be low, but they are at their most magnificent following the heavy summer rains.